Format-Agnostic Identity Claims and Valu June 2026
Cafik Standards Track [Page]
Workgroup:
OpenID eKYC-IDA
Published:
Author:
J. Cafik
Independent

Format-Agnostic Digital Identity Claims and Values: Identity Proofing Extension 1.0 - draft 00

Abstract

This document is a targeted profile of the Format-Agnostic Digital Identity Claims and Values 1.0 specification. It isolates and defines the globally interoperable architecture of digital identity claims and values. Crucially, this profile explicitly separates the claims related to Identity Proofing assurance (how the human was originally vetted by the Issuer) from the Cryptographic Security claims (how the assertion is protected during transit). By standardizing the semantic representation of these two distinct domains, and defining the requirements for end-to-end cryptographic non-repudiation through intermediate translation layers, this profile empowers Relying Parties (RPs) to solve the problem of executing automated, risk-defensible decisions based on strict mathematical proof.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The digital identity ecosystem is heavily fragmented across root cryptographic formats (e.g., CBOR for ISO/IEC 18013-5 mdocs, JSON-LD for W3C VCDMs) and transport protocols.

To solve the utility problem across all enterprise architectures, this specification decouples the Claims from the Protocol. It standardizes the specific claims necessary to evaluate identity proofing rigor and end-to-end non-repudiation. Implementers can natively embed these claims into edge-based binary protocols or translate them into enterprise-friendly web formats via intermediate orchestration services.

2. Scope

This specification defines the discrete claims, data types, and enumerated values associated with:

  1. The identity proofing and vetting phase executed by an Issuing Authority.
  2. The cryptographic pass-through evidence required to maintain non-repudiation through intermediate translation layers.

Out of Scope: The specific transport protocol, API definitions, or envelope formatting (e.g., JSON OIDC assertions, REST APIs, BLE/NFC handshakes) used to deliver these claims. Those mechanics MUST be defined in separate, architecture-specific Profiles.

3. Standardized Claims and Values Registry (Normative)

To enable true jurisdictional agility and non-repudiation, Issuers and Verifiers MUST map local proofing terminology and downstream translation assertions to this standardized registry of claims and enumerated values. This registry is strictly divided into two operational domains: Identity Proofing and Cryptographic Security.

3.1. The Identity Proofing Domain: Vetting & Assurance Claims

These claims are asserted by the Issuer and describe the rigor of the initial onboarding phase.

3.1.1. Context & Environmental Claims

Table 1
Claim Example Parameter Values Data Type Description
context_uri urn:openid:assurance:us:real_id String Defines the legal or regulatory standard governing the initial proofing.
presence_equivalence in_person, remote_supervised String Indicates the context of the user's presence during the proofing phase.

3.1.2. Assurance Levels & Classifications

Table 2
Claim Example Parameter Values Data Type Description
issuance_assurance_classification loa:high:eu:eidas String Asserts the vetting rigor and confidence established by the Issuer.
proofing_level ial:2, ip:3 String Harmonized mapping representing the Identity Assurance Level (IAL).

3.1.3. Proofing Verification Methods (check_method)

Table 3
Value Category Example Parameter Values Description
Proofing pipp, uripp, sripp Physical In-Person Proofing (pipp), Unsupervised Remote (uripp), Supervised Remote (sripp).

3.1.4. Assurance Namespace

To enable cross-format interoperability of proofing claims, implementations MUST utilize a registered OpenID IDA Assurance namespace: * ISO/IEC 18013-5/7 (CBOR mdoc): org.openid.ida.assurance.1 * W3C Verifiable Credentials (JSON/SD-JWT): assurance_level property mapped within the credential @context.

3.2. The Cryptographic Security & Presentation Domain

These claims establish the active trust architecture at the moment of presentation, providing an Examiner Defense against synthetic mimicry and proxy compromise.

3.2.1. Pass-Through Cryptographic Evidence

Table 4
Claim Data Type Description
issuer_signed_receipt Object/String/Binary The raw structure (e.g., IssuerSigned block) from the root token, allowing the RP to independently verify the trust anchor.
device_signed_receipt Object/String/Binary The raw structure (e.g., DeviceSigned block), proving a localized hardware unlock occurred and enforcing strict non-repudiation.
verifier_signature_attestation Object/String/Binary Cryptographic signature of an intermediate Verifier (if used), binding a translated payload to the root receipts.

3.2.2. Live Presentation Metrics

Table 5
Claim Data Type Description
revocation_freshness_check String (DateTime) Timestamp confirming the exact moment the credential's status was validated.
revocation_freshness_method String Mechanism used to validate status (e.g., cached_vical, status_list, ocsp, token_status_api), determining the risk of cache poisoning.
device_binding_verified Boolean Declares whether the presentation key is bound securely to physical hardware (TRUE/FALSE).

4. Architectural Binding Profiles (Implementation Mechanics)

Because this specification is protocol-independent, Relying Parties MUST consume these claims via an architecture-appropriate Implementation Profile.

4.1. Native Edge Binding (e.g., Proximity Terminals)

For RPs operating physical hardware (e.g., POS terminals, offline readers) consuming ISO/IEC 18013-5 over BLE/NFC, no format translation is required. The RP consumes the raw CBOR binary directly. The Core Vocabulary is parsed natively from the org.openid.ida.assurance.1 namespace.

4.2. Translation Binding (e.g., Web-Native OpenID Connect)

For web-native enterprise RPs (e.g., Core Banking Systems) that lack the capacity to process heavy binary protocols or manage edge device engagement, an intermediate Verifier is utilized. The Verifier executes the complex cryptography and translates the claims and values into a normalized JSON payload.

How the Verifier Uses This Table

When a Verifier sits between the Wallet and a Relying Party's enterprise backend, this IANA registry acts as the definitive translation map. If the Verifier receives a CBOR payload over ISO 18013-7, it doesn't look for the string "proofing_level". It parses the binary for the assigned integer key (e.g., -260). Upon validating the math, it cross-references this IANA registry, sees that -260 perfectly maps to the JWT claim "proofing_level", and injects that string into the normalized OpenID Connect JSON envelope for the Relying Party. This ensures complete semantic parity between the physical edge and the enterprise web.

  • Encoding Mandate: When utilizing a JSON translation binding, all non-JSON cryptographic structures (e.g., CBOR MSO blocks) mapped to issuer_signed_receipt and device_signed_receipt MUST be encoded (e.g., Base64URL) to allow safe nesting within the JSON envelope.

5. Security Considerations

5.1. The Envelope vs. The Receipt (Format Translation Integrity)

If a Relying Party utilizes an intermediate Verifier and a Translation Binding (such as OIDC JSON), the RP relies on the JSON envelope to execute immediate, automated business logic. However, the JSON envelope alone is legally insufficient for Examiner Defense, as it could be synthesized by a compromised Verifier.

The RP MUST NOT treat the JSON translation as the absolute root of trust. The RP MUST extract and archive the format-agnostic cryptographic evidence contained within the issuer_signed_receipt and device_signed_receipt fields. While the RP consumes JSON for operational speed, the retained encoded binary receipts provide the immutable proof required for KYC Examiner Defence.

5.2. Decoupled Trust Resolution (Asynchronous Caching)

To eliminate runtime network latency and protect user privacy, architectures processing these claims SHOULD decouple the transaction path from the trust list resolution path. Synchronous API calls to a Verified Issuer Certificate Authority List (VICAL) during a live transaction introduces severe availability risks. revocation_freshness_method MUST be evaluated by the RP to determine if the trust resolution was performed via an asynchronous, locally cached registry, a synchronous network call or the wallet itself.

6. Compliance Elements: Provenance & Jurisdictional Assurance

6.1. Namespace Enforcement

Establish a standardized, format-agnostic namespace (e.g., org.openid.ida.assurance.1) that Issuers MUST incorporate natively into the credential to explicitly declare the proofing standards met.

6.2. Selective Disclosure Request

RPs SHOULD explicitly request proofing data elements from this namespace via Selective Disclosure during the presentation phase to evaluate the native assurance level of the Issuer's vetting process prior to full PII payload presentation and extraction.

7. IANA Considerations

7.1. JSON Web Token Claims Registration

This specification requests registration of the following value in the IANA "JSON Web Token Claims Registry" established by [RFC7519]. These registrations standardize the semantic representation of how an identity was vetted and proofed prior to issuance, allowing Relying Parties to evaluate identity proofing rigor across format-agnostic architectures.

Registry Name: JSON Web Token Claims Change Controller: OpenID Foundation Specification Document: [[ This Document ]]

Table 6
Claim Name Claim Description Change Controller Specification Document(s)
context_uri Defines the legal or regulatory standard governing the initial identity proofing. OpenID Foundation [[ This Document ]]
presence_equivalence Indicates the context of the user's presence during the initial proofing phase. OpenID Foundation [[ This Document ]]
issuance_assurance_classification Asserts the vetting rigor and confidence established by the Issuer at the time of issuance. OpenID Foundation [[ This Document ]]
proofing_level Harmonized mapping representing the Identity Assurance Level (IAL) or Identity Proofing (IP) level. OpenID Foundation [[ This Document ]]
check_method The verification methodology used by the Issuer to validate the identity evidence during onboarding. OpenID Foundation [[ This Document ]]

7.2. CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims Registration

This specification requests registration of the following value in the IANA "CBOR Web Token Claims Registry" established by [RFC8392]. These registrations provide integer-based claim keys for the Format-Agnostic Identity Core Vocabulary, enabling high-assurance identity proofing and cryptographic pass-through evidence to be transmitted efficiently in edge-native constrained environments.

Registry Name: CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims Change Controller: OpenID Foundation (or IETF, depending on the final submission track) Specification Document: [[ This Document ]]

Table 7
Claim Name Claim Description JWT Claim Name Claim Key
context_uri Defines the legal/regulatory standard governing the initial proofing. context_uri [TBD]
presence_equivalence Indicates the context of the user's presence during proofing. presence_equivalence [TBD]
issuance_assurance_classification Asserts the vetting rigor and confidence established by the Issuer. issuance_assurance_classification [TBD]
proofing_level Harmonized mapping representing the Identity Assurance Level. proofing_level [TBD]
check_method The verification methodology used during onboarding. check_method [TBD]
issuer_signed_receipt Raw structure from the root token proving the trust anchor. issuer_signed_receipt [TBD]
device_signed_receipt Raw structure proving localized hardware intent and non-repudiation. device_signed_receipt [TBD]
verifier_signature_attestation Cryptographic signature of an intermediate Verifier translation. verifier_signature_attestation [TBD]
revocation_freshness_check Timestamp confirming the exact moment the credential's status was validated. revocation_freshness_check [TBD]
revocation_freshness_method Mechanism used to validate the credential's status. revocation_freshness_method [TBD]
device_binding_verified Declares whether the presentation key is securely bound to hardware. device_binding_verified [TBD]

Note to RFC Editor: Please replace [TBD] with the integer values assigned by IANA, typically allocated from the standard specification space (e.g., negative integers for early allocations or standard positive integers post-RFC).

8. Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following individuals for their feedback and contributions that helped evolve this document: Bill Fisher, Naohiro Fujie, Michael B. Jones, and Ryan Galluzzo.

9. Normative References

[RFC7519]
Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token (JWT)", RFC 7519, DOI 10.17487/RFC7519, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7519>.
[RFC8392]
Jones, M., Wahlstroem, E., Erdtman, S., and H. Tschofenig, "CBOR Web Token (CWT)", RFC 8392, DOI 10.17487/RFC8392, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8392>.

Appendix A. Notices

Copyright (c) 2026 The OpenID Foundation.

The OpenID Foundation (OIDF) grants to any Contributor, developer, implementer, or other interested party a non-exclusive, royalty free, worldwide copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works from, distribute, perform and display, this Implementers Draft, Final Specification, or Final Specification Incorporating Errata Corrections solely for the purposes of (i) developing specifications, and (ii) implementing Implementers Drafts, Final Specifications, and Final Specification Incorporating Errata Corrections based on such documents, provided that attribution be made to the OIDF as the source of the material, but that such attribution does not indicate an endorsement by the OIDF.

The technology described in this specification was made available from contributions from various sources, including members of the OpenID Foundation and others. Although the OpenID Foundation has taken steps to help ensure that the technology is available for distribution, it takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this specification or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. The OpenID Foundation and the contributors to this specification make no (and hereby expressly disclaim any) warranties (express, implied, or otherwise), including implied warranties of merchantability, non-infringement, fitness for a particular purpose, or title, related to this specification, and the entire risk as to implementing this specification is assumed by the implementer. The OpenID Intellectual Property Rights policy (found at openid.net) requires contributors to offer a patent promise not to assert certain patent claims against other contributors and against implementers. OpenID invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents, patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to practice this specification.

Appendix B. Document History

[[ To be removed from the final specification ]]

-00

Author's Address

Juliana Cafik
Independent